There are vision problems which can impair a child's ability to read which are not easily caught by general eye exams. There is a special field called "developmental optometry".
What areas of vision are assessed by developmental optometrists?
Binocularity: the ability of the eyes to work together to transmit information to the brain
Ocular Motility (tracking): the ability to smoothly and accurately move the eyes, which is especially important for reading
Accommodation: the ability to rapidly re-focus the eyes when looking at something up close, then from a distance, and back again
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